RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE: The History of Jewish–Samaritan Relations and Its Modern-Day Relevance

Abstract

The enmity between Jews and Samaritans is one of the most enduring historical conflicts rooted in differences in identity, history, and religious practices. This paper discusses the roots of violence in the name of religion through a historical study of Jewish-Samaritan relations, beginning with the split of the Israelite monarchy after Solomon's death, the formation of the Northern Israelite kingdom with its center of government in Samaria, and the Assyrian invasion that led to cultural and religious blending. This research employs a diachronic method by tracing the chronological history and analyzing the socio-political and religious dynamics before and after the Assyrian conquest in 722 BC. The analysis is grounded in a literature review of historical sources, archaeology, and modern genetic research that reveals the similarities in cultural roots and lineage between Jews and Samaritans. The findings indicate that the conflict was ignited not only by political and economic factors but also by differences in religious interpretation and practice, such as the location of worship centers (Jerusalem vs. Mount Gerizim) and variations in scriptural redaction. These tensions are intensified by identity sentiments and efforts to delegitimize one another. This study reflects on the relevance of the Jewish-Samaritan conflict to the current phenomenon of violence in the name of religion, particularly in Indonesia, and emphasizes the importance of fostering understanding across religious identities. Consequently, this historical conflict can serve as an analytical model to comprehend and anticipate similar violence in today's multicultural society.